不使用一次性塑料制品对你有多难(容易)?
7 月 3 日，欧盟对许多日常一次性塑料制品的禁令生效。这意味着欧盟 27 个成员国必须将这些产品排除在欧盟市场之外。该清单包括一次性塑料餐具、吸管，以及气球棒和棉签杆。
该法律不适用于非欧盟成员国的瑞士。那么，瑞士是否应该出台类似的禁令？作为消费者，不使用一次性杯子或吸管等塑料产品对你来说有多容易(或难)？
西方各国的调查显示，年轻一代愿意为可持续包装支付更多费用。
我参与了将塑料废弃物转化为可持续原料，以生产新的可回收塑料（不需要化石燃料）。大品牌和包装公司都承认，回收的塑料比化石燃料生产的塑料更贵，而且大家都知道，消费者要求改变目前的塑料包装。
幸运的是，在隧道里有逐步的进展和光明，但在全球范围内掌握这个问题之前，这将是一条漫长的道路......
Surveys in various Western countries have shown that the younger generation is willing to pay more for sustainable packaging.
I am involved with converting plastic waste to sustainable feedstock to produce new recyclable plastic (without the need for fossil fuel). It is acknowledged by the big brands and packaging companies that recycled plastic is more expensive that fossil produced plastic, and it is known that consumers are demanding change from current plastic packaging.
There is fortunately gradual progress and light in the tunnel, but it will be a long road until this is mastered globally...
最大的问题是Migros和（特别是）co-op中的沙拉。他们有这么多层的塑料。一个装满培根的塑料牛，里面是一个装着鸡蛋的生菜塑料盒，然后是一袋塑料的沙拉酱。
向我们额外收取沙拉酱和叉子的费用只是令人厌烦，但对其他部分做些什么似乎并没有考虑。
为什么我不能买一个没有塑料袋的生菜？
为什么这么多的 "健康 "午餐都是三层深的一次性塑料，却没有叉子？
The big problem is salads in Migros and (especially) co-op. They have so many layers of plastic. A plastic ox full of bacon, inside a plastic box of lettuce with an egg and then a plastic bag of salad dressing.
Charging us extra for the salad dressing and fork is just annoying but doing something about the rest seems to not be considered.
Why can't I buy a lettuce without a plastic bag?
Why are so many "healthy" lunches three layers deep in single use plastic but without a fork?
比起以前，更多的塑料食品容器上有PET标志，它们可以被放在PET容器里。我不知道是材料发生了变化，还是只是标记发生了变化...
More of the plastic food containers have the PET mark than before, they can be put in the PET containers. I don't know if the material has changed or just the mark...
你好，WALRUS - 感谢您的来信。的确，很多包装都有 PET 标志，但当地的回收商 "瑞士 PET 回收公司 "只回收饮料瓶。该系统不能回收其他物品，而是指导消费者将这些物品扔掉进行焚烧。
世界上很多塑料制品都有回收标志，但实际上能回收它们的设施却很少。
因此，尽可能避免产生塑料垃圾非常重要。例如，昨天一家面包店的店员正要把我的外带点心装进塑料盒里，但我赶紧要了一个纸盘。这样吃起来味道更好！
Hi WALRUS - thanks for writing. It’s true that lots of packaging has the PET symbol, but local recycler “PET Recycling Switzerland” only accepts beverage bottles. The system isn’t able to recycle other items; consumers are instructed to throw those away for incineration.
Many plastic items around the world have a recycling symbol on them, but the reality is that very few facilities can actually recycle them.
This is why it’s so important to avoid plastic waste when you can. For example, yesterday a bakery clerk was about to put my to-go snack in a plastic box, but I quickly asked for a paper plate instead. It tasted much better that way!
如果这些一次性物品被其他仍然是一次性的不同材料的物品所取代（如竹子或纸板吸管、木制餐具、纸板盘子），其效果可能是徒劳的，甚至需要更多的能源和更多的温室气体被排放出来。
替代品（通常是可生物降解的）乍一看似乎很好，但结果却是更多的能源和温室气体。纸板吸管就是一个很好的例子。它们不仅需要更多的能源来生产，而且质量也比它们的塑料替代品低得多。当然，可生物降解的一次性物品毒性较小，如果被丢弃也不会对环境造成危害。如果我没有猜错的话，这也是欧盟禁止一次性塑料制品的主要动机。因为否则的话，在能源和温室气体方面，需要基于科学事实的更详细的分析，而不是情感和意识形态的意见。
If these single-use objects are replaced by other objects of different material which are still single-use (e.g. bamboo or cardboard straws, wooden cuttlery, cardboard plates) the effect might be in vain or even more energy is needed and more green house gases are emitted for the production.
Alternatives (often biodegradable) which might seem apealing at first sight, turn out to be more energy and green house gas intensive. A good example are cardboard straws. They do not only require more energy for production but they are also of much lower quality than their plastic equivalent. Of course biodegradable single-use objects are less poisonous and pose no harm to the environment if littered. And if I am not wrong, this was the main motivation behind the ban of single-use plastics in the EU. Because otherwise, in terms of energy and green house gases a much more detailed analysis based on scientific facts is needed rather than emotional and ideological opinions.
以植物为基础的替代物在生产中吸收二氧化碳，同时也排放二氧化碳。
Plant based replacements absorb CO2 in production as well as emitting it.
是的!当然，它应该被禁止。没有理由不这样做。没有坏处，只有好处。瑞士应该在这些问题上走在前面，而不是拖后腿。
YES! Of course it should be banned. There is no reason not to. No downsides, only upsides. And Switzerland should be ahead on these matters, not dragging its feet behind.
我已经82岁了，仍然清楚地记得我的青年时代，我们没有塑料。我不记得是在德国还是瑞士，但是--曾经有一段时间，塑料瓶之类的东西可以被退回，制造商必须接受它们进行回收。像往常一样，很多热空气，在一天结束时......同样的，老样子，没有什么变化。
I am 82 yrs old and still remember clearly my youth days when we did WITHOUT plastics. I don't recall if it is Germany or Switzerland but - there was the time when plastic bottles and such could be returned, the manufacturer had to accept them for recycling. As usual, a lot of hot air and at the end of the day...same, old same - nothing changes.
我住在欧盟国家，塑料制品随处可见；刚才在阿尔迪，塑料包装的Zuchetti，也是用塑料碗装的，又被放回了货架上；去找有机农夫吧。包装也是一次性塑料。还有其他所有不必要的物品，丙烯酸衣服等.....。我们有一个塑料问题吗？我们有吗？不，我们有一个钝化的问题。我依稀记得 "Jutte statt Plastik "运动....，那是多久以前的事？40年？
Ich wohne in einem EU-Land und Plastik ist ueberall; gerade bei Aldi den in Plastik eingepackten Zuchetti, der dazu noch in einer Plastikschale liegt, wieder zurueck gelegt ins Regal; geh zum Biobauern. Verpackung ist ja auch Single-use Plastik. Und all die anderen unnoetigen Gegenstande, Acrylkleidung etc..... Haben wir ein Plastikproblem? Ehrlich? Nein, wir haben ein Begriffsstutzigkeit-Problem. Ich kann mich noch vage an die "Jutte statt Plastik" -Bewegung erinnern .... wie lange ist das her? 40 Jahre?
单一用途塑料绝对应该被废除，而瑞士的情况却令人沮丧。我们家每周都要处理一袋35升的一次性塑料，这些塑料来自我们在Coop购买的物品--我们认为自己是有意识的购物者，尽可能地选择不含塑料的产品。然而，在过去的十年里，在这个问题上几乎没有任何进展。
拜托，拜托，瑞士。我们处于全球最好的位置，可以做出积极的改变。如果不在这里，那么在哪里？如果不是现在，那是什么时候？
Single use plastics should absolutely be abolished and the situation in Switzerland is dismal. Week on week our family is disposing a 35l garbage bag of disposable plastics from items that we purchase at Coop - and we conducer ourselves conscious shoppers, choosing products that do not contain plastics whenever possible. Yet, over the last decade there has been virtually no progress on the matter.
Please, please, Switzerland. We are in the best global position to make a positive change. If not here, then where?? If not now, then when??
在墨西哥，对大多数人来说，正确使用和处理塑料（无论是一次性的还是可回收的）是最后的难题。由于人口的贫困率超过50%，而且普遍缺乏对塑料污染所造成的损害的了解，大多数人只顾着解决基本需求。我不知道有任何区域或地方组织或协会在促进正确使用塑料。政府和立法者没有采取认真的措施来解决这个问题，也没有推动宣传活动，让人们了解对环境造成的损害，从而对人口造成的损害。
我想，像墨西哥一样，大多数第三世界国家都是如此。而可悲的是，正如另一位撰稿人提到的，只要印度、中国、非洲国家和美国不认真有效地处理塑料垃圾污染问题，最先进的国家就能将自己的监管做到极致，实现商定的生态目标，但在全球范围内不会看到这种影响。
En México el dilema del uso y disposición adecuada del plástico, de uso único o reciclable, pasa a ultimo termino para la mayoría de la población. Con índices de pobreza por encima del 50% de los habitantes y un desconocimiento generalizado acerca del daño que causa la contaminación por utilización de plástico, la mayoría se ocupa de resolver necesidades básicas. Desconozco que existan organizaciones o asociaciones regionales o locales que promuevan el uso correcto de los plásticos. Los gobernantes y legisladores no toman medidas serias que aborden el tema y tampoco promueven campañas de sensibilización acerca del daño que es causado al medio ambiente y consecuentemente a la población.
Como México, me imagino, están la mayoría de los países de 3er mundo. Y tristemente, como menciona otro colaborador, mientras en India, China, estados de África y América no se trate con seriedad y efectividad el problema de la contaminación por deshecho de plástico, los países mas avanzados podrán autorregularse al extremo y lograr objetivos ecológicos pactados, pero no se verá el impacto a nivel global.
引用格雷塔-坦伯格的话：'胡说八道，胡说八道'......就这样日复一日地进行着。大字报，大承诺，最后。什么也没有!因此，它与其他污染我们星球的事物一起继续下去。
Quoting Greta Tunberg: 'blah, blah, blah'...and so it goes on day after day. Big words, big promises and at the end: NOTHING! And so it goes on with everything else that is polluting our planet.
一个巨大的问题，我们没有成为禁止一次性塑料的榜样国家，而是落后于许多其他国家，其中一些国家甚至不那么发达，但它们在这方面已经领先。
A huge problem and instead of being a role model country in banning single-use plastic, we lag behind many other countries, some of which are even less developed but that have nonetheless led the way with this.
考虑到塑料的实际回收，即燃烧化石燃料和高能量的电力水平，在努力回收的过程中，我们正在产生越来越多的碳足迹，这是很矛盾的。
Consider the actual recycling of plastics ie burning fossil fuels and high energy electricity levels how paradoxical in the effort to recycle we are producing ever more increasing carbon footprint .
一次性使用必须停止，并从流通中彻底清除。我已经形成了这样的观点：必须停止回收任何塑料产品。塑料必须从产业链中移除。在这个国家，我们通过使用Verbrennungsanlagen有这种可能性。这些设备的排放物被严格控制和监测，在塑料垃圾处理增加的情况下，可以进行修改，以减少过程中任何增加的气体。
塑料必须在它的源头和终端被完全消除。最终，塑料将被最小化到一个可容忍的可行水平。那些依赖塑料包装的公司必须通过新发现的100%可生物降解的材料找到替代的解决方案。
我们的时间已经不多了，如果我们要消除地球上几乎每个国家的塑料堆积，就必须采取严厉的措施。
现在是时候了
Single use must stop and be removed from circulation completely. I have formed the opinion that recycling any plastic product must end. Plastic must be removed from the chain. In this country we have that possibility through the use of the Verbrennungsanlagen. The emissions from these devices are strictly controlled and monitored and in the case of increased plastic waste disposal could be modified to lessen any increased gasses during the process.
Plastic must be completely eliminated at it's source and at it's end. Eventually plastic will be minimised to a tolerable workable level. Companies who depend on it's use in packaging must find alternate solutions available through newly discovered materials which are 100% biodegradable.
Our time is running out and drastic measures must be implemented if we are ever going to eliminate the mounds of plastic building up in virtually every country on the planet.
The time is now
虽然我同意你的观点，但塑料不会消失；事实上，它还在增加。我开发的工厂可以处理塑料垃圾，为制造可回收塑料提供原料（无需化石燃料）。诚然，这不是灵丹妙药，但至少是朝着正确方向迈出的一小步......
As much as I agree with you, plastic will not go away; in fact it is on the increase. I develop plants that process plastic waste creating a feedstock to make recyclable plastics (without the need of fossil fuel). Admittedly this is not the silver bullet, but it is at least a small step in the right direction...
当然了。一次性使用塑料制品实际上是一种刑事犯罪，应该被作为刑事犯罪处理。
我在龙目岛的海滩上度过我的时光。阅读其他地方的情况，我们的塑料问题还没有（还没有）这么大，然而，即使是一个塑料杯也让我非常恼火。
请让我平静地游泳吧。
Of course. Single-use-plastic is actually a criminal offense and should be treated as such.
I spend my time on the beach in Lombok. Reading about other places our plastic problem is not (yet?) so huge, however, even a single plastic cup annoys me greatly.
Let me swim in peace, please.
单一使用过的塑料应该被禁止，使用它们的国家应该被罚款或征税。我被某些公开的气候活动家永久地激怒了，其中一个引用了老人如何毁掉她的希望和梦想。我的祖父母没有冰箱，请注意，他们住在苏格兰，没有冰箱也能保持物品的低温，所有东西都是回收的，从来没有使用过任何塑料袋或类似的东西。
Single used plastic should be banned and countries using them should be fined or taxed to the hilt.I am permanently infuriated by certain well publicised climate activists one quoting how the old had ruined her hopes and dreams .My Grandparents did not own a fridge mind you living in Scotland it was cold enough to keep items cold without a fridge recycled everything never had access to any plastic bags or the like .To the young you could not cope with our experiences or that of our Parents and Grandparents during the WW2 and post war era who had no instant luxuries such as you expect or have !
并不是所有的用途都有替代品，比如在医学上。此外，替代品可能对环境更不友好。在处理和回收方面也需要更加注意。
已经取得了进展，但更多的工作可以轻松完成。现在这里的快餐都是用纸板容器，而不是用丁腈橡胶。
There aren't replacements for all uses, such as in medicine. In addition, replacements may be more environmentally unfriendly. More attention needs to be paid to the disposal and recycling as well.
Progress has been made, but more could be easily done. Fast food is now in cardboard containers here instead of styropor.
瑞士应该停止抄袭欧盟的所有做法。首先，欧盟不是瑞士的榜样，其次，其中一些措施极其昂贵，对帮助地球没有帮助。如果印度、中国、非洲和美洲不给一毛钱，就不会这样做。
Switzerland should stop copying all the EU does. First the EU is no example for Switzerland, second some of these measures are extremely expensive and do not help to help the planet. Not if India, China, Africa and the Americas do not give a dime
中国已经立法禁止一次性使用塑料。许多非洲国家也已经禁止了例如塑料袋等。欧盟有4.5亿人。
作为最富有的国家之一，瑞士可以更容易地承担与植物性餐具和盘子有关的任何额外费用。一种 "你优先 "的态度意味着没有人愿意采取行动。
China has introduced legislation to ban single use plastics. Many African countries have also banned e g. plastic bags. The EU has 450 million people.
As one of the richest countries, Switzerland can more easily afford any extra cost associated with plant based cutlery and dishes. An attitude of "you first" means nobody will take action.
您对您提到的国家的看法是正确的；但是，就像父母一样，我们也需要以身作则。50 年前，我们习惯于把所有垃圾放在一个垃圾桶里或扔到山谷里；看看今天的瑞士和（大部分）欧盟......
You are correct about the countries you mentioned; however, like parents do, one needs to lead by example. 50 years ago we used to put all our waste in one dustbin or throw it in the valley; look where Switzerland and (most of) the EU are today...
巨大的。我们试图回收所有的东西，但即使如此，我们的垃圾袋还是装满了塑料。我认为消费者应该在购买塑料产品和其他产品之间进行选择。我欢迎回到过去的日子，我们用纸买奶酪，用[玻璃]瓶买牛奶。如果一个产品是用可降解的材料，它就会更贵。这应该是反过来的。如果一个产品是一次性塑料制品，就应该收取更多的费用，并确保更广泛地提供生态友好的选择。随着时间的推移，对一次性塑料的全面禁止只需到位，行业将快速找出更好的替代品，因为他们将不得不这样做。
Massive. We try to recycle everything but even then, we have rubbish bags full of plastic. I think consumers should have a choice between purchasing products in plastic and something else. I would welcome back the old days when we bought our cheese in paper, and milk in [glass] bottles. If a product comes in biodegradable material, it's more expensive. It should be the other way around. If a product is in single use plastic, charge more for it and ensure that eco-friendly options are more widely available. Over time, an outright ban on single use plastics just needs to be put in place and the industries will work out fast better alternatives because they will have to.
不管是什么材料，包装的成本只有几分钱，并不影响最终的价格。
The packaging costs a few cents, regardless of the material, and doesn't influence the end price.
各有所需，从方便的角度来看还有大量的需求，从环保的角度来说，应该抵制
上述一次性塑料制品其实已经很久没有出现在我家了，甚至我家连订外卖，都会跟人说好会自己带饭盒去取餐，然后提着保温袋装着各种玻璃饭盒去餐馆。
提供一次性塑料制品的往往是商家，不是用户：我们平时去超市买菜，那些装菜的塑料袋、塑料盒，难道还是用户自己生产的？回头扔垃圾箱时还占地方、占分量，作为普通用户我表示我很不愿意。
所以我个人认为，最好还是禁用吧。
"以下内容由ZH自动翻译。"
"ZH "是什么语言？ 中国大陆？
"The following contribution has been automatically translated from ZH."
What language is "ZH"? Mainland Chinese?
ZH is Mandarin Chinese, in Pinyin it can be written as Zhongwen, so I guess SWI started using ZH to mean this language, otherwise it's more commonly written as CN or CHN.
在我们英国的家里，在过去5年左右的时间里，我们发现我们的回收袋所需要的空间，已经翻了一番--我们现在产生的环境污染垃圾，比几年前多得多。
进入我们的回收袋的大部分东西都是塑料。 几乎所有这些塑料都是来自生/未煮熟的食物和杂货的包装。
我们主要购买新鲜食品，所以在我们的垃圾中几乎没有金属（空罐头），但很多新鲜食品是用塑料包装的。
我们很想用纸袋购买食物（至少是蔬菜等），而不是塑料袋，但全能的超市根本不关心环境，也不关心我们的孩子，甚至不关心他们自己的孩子。
因此，塑料问题实际上正在变得更糟，而不是更好。
为什么会发生这种情况？ 因为，像往常一样，有很多人在谈论，但没有认真的行动。
In our home in UK, over the past 5 years or so, we have found that the space our recycling bags require, has doubled - we produce far more environment-polluting waste now, than just a few years ago.
Much of what goes into our recycling bags - is plastic. Almost all of this plastic is packaging from - raw/uncooked food and groceries.
We mainly buy fresh food, so in our garbage there is almost no metal (empty cans), but lot of fresh food comes packaged in plastic.
We would love to buy food (at least vegetables, etc) in paper bags, instead of plastic, but the all-powerful supermarkets could not care less about the environment, or our children, or even their own children for that matter.
So, the plastic problem is actually getting worse, not better.
Why is this happening? Because, like always, there is lot of talk, but no serious action.
谢谢你分享来自英国的观点。这听起来真的很令人沮丧，尤其是在似乎没有任何替代方案的情况下。
有一个问题要问你和我们的其他读者。
你是否曾经向商店或餐馆经理抱怨过包装问题？他们的反应是什么？
Thank you for sharing the view from the UK. That sounds really frustrating, especially since it doesn't seem like there are any alternatives.
A question for you and our other readers:
Have you ever complained to a store or restaurant manager about packaging? And what was the reaction?
嗨，苏珊。
在英国，超市一直在减少员工；经理们普遍训练不足，甚至经常不出来与顾客交谈；当被问及时。
英国超市的食品很便宜；质量也反映了这一点。 在媒体上，连锁超市说，为了保持低成本，他们没有塑料包装的替代品。
在某种程度上，我会责怪我们消费者；因为我们大多数人都在寻找最便宜的食品价格。 有些人，像我一样，愿意支付更多的钱来购买质量更好、包装更环保的食品，但这根本不存在。
话说回来，人们花20英镑买一包烟，或者买1000多英镑的手机，都没有问题，这些手机都是经常更换的。 外出就餐也变得很昂贵，而餐馆仍然挤满了人。 但消费者并不愿意为包装更好或质量更好的食物支付更多的钱。
所以，超市只是按照我们消费者（无意中）期望的方式行事。 我们重视手机胜过重视我们和地球的健康。
很奇怪但却是事实。
Hi Susan,
In UK, supermarkets have been reducing staff; managers generally are poorly trained and often do not even come out to speak to customers; when asked.
UK supermarket food is cheap; and quality reflects that. In media supermarket chains say, to keep costs low they have no alternatives for plastic packaging.
To some extent, I would blame us consumers; as most of us look for the cheapest food prices. Some, like myself, are willing to pay more for better quality food with environment- friendly packaging, but it simply does not exist.
On a side note, people have no problems paying £20 for a packet of cigarettes, or buying £1000+ phones, which are replaced often. Eating out has also become expensive, and restaurants are still packed. But consumers are not willing to pay more for better-packaged or better-quality food.
So, supermarkets just act in the manner we consumers (unintentionally) expect them to act. We value mobile phones more than we value our and Earth's health.
Strange but true.
嗨，苏珊，我不太明白你的问题，因为商店里的大多数商品都是由供应商包装的，没有多少是在商店里包装的。有些商店仍然为顾客提供额外的塑料袋或纸袋，但前者往往要收费。
Hi Susan, I don’t really understand your question as most goods in stores are packaged by the suppliers and not many are packaged in the stores. Some still offer customers additional plastic or paper bags but there is more often than not a charge for the former.
你好，Suze。是的，不过在我看来，供应商可能会听取商店的要求--因为商店是批量购买。也就是说，商店可以告诉供应商，"我们收到了很多客户的投诉。你有任何替代包装计划吗？同时，我们正在研究其他一些供应商的做法。"
同样，如果你想买一份外卖，你可以说："我喜欢你的食物，但不喜欢外卖的包装。例如，路边的X餐厅提供Y，或者我可以自己带容器让你们装吗？"
几年前，我第一次告诉服务员我不想要吸管时，每个人都把我当做一个怪人来看。今天，这要容易得多--而且在欧盟新的禁令之后，完全没有必要。
Hi Suze. True, though as I see it, the suppliers are likely to listen to the demands of the stores -- because the stores buy in bulk. That is, the store could tell a supplier, "We're getting complaints from a lot of our customers. Do you have any alternative packaging plans? Meanwhile we're looking into some other vendors who do."
Similarly, if you wanted to buy a meal-to-go you could say, "I like your food but not the take-away packaging. For example, Restaurant X down the road provides Y. Or can I bring my own containers for you to fill?"
Years ago, the first time I told a waiter I didn't want a straw, everyone looked at me like I was a weirdo. Today it's much easier -- and totally unnecessary in the European Union following the new ban.
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