French Grid Issues Are Causing Power Prices to Soar in Europe

(Bloomberg) — Grid limitations in parts of France are constraining power exports, pushing up prices in neighboring countries.

The capacity for transmitting electricity to Belgium, Germany, Switzerland and Italy has been reduced since early March, according to French power-grid operator RTE. That’s depriving those nations of exports of cheaper French nuclear power and boosting wholesale prices across the region. The constraints should be resolved by early May, according to RTE, but more curbs are likely from mid-August.

More intermittent renewable generation means European nations rely on each other not only for supply when their own wind farms or solar fields aren’t producing, but also to provide a market to absorb any excess power. Grid constraints are creating a need to curtail power generation at times — forcing wind farms to be turned off — and huge investment is needed to upgrade the infrastructure as more capacity comes online.

The situation in France in recent weeks raises some important questions for Europe’s transmission system, according to Daniel Muir, an analyst at S&P Global Commodity Insights.  

“Whether this is a short-term problem simply relating to internal maintenance, or if this is a more persistent issue that could reoccur in the future?” Muir said.

Should it become an issue in August, it could have repercussions for the Italian power market, which relies on France for consistent cheap power during hot summer nights when cooling demand picks up but solar or wind are not available. Without those supplies, more expensive gas-fired generators will have to fill the gap.

Too much power supply in one market can be difficult to balance too. European markets are struggling with lower demand since the energy crisis despite lower prices. This means supplies can overwhelm the network when it’s particularly sunny or windy, sometimes triggering negative prices. So far this month, German day ahead power is on average €40 more expensive than in France.

Spain experienced its first negative hourly prices earlier this year and the phenomenon has now become a common occurrence. This is due to strong renewable generation with solar power production hitting a record of 20.14 gigawatts around 1:30 p.m. local time on Wednesday, according to data from Entso-E. During these days, the country exports lot of electricity across the border to France.

French month-ahead power fell 0.544% to €25.62 per megawatt-hour by 5:08 p.m. in Paris. In Germany, the equivalent contract rose 1.03% to €62.82 per megawatt-hour.

–With assistance from Francois de Beaupuy and William Mathis.

(Adds Spanish solar record in the eighth paragraph)

©2024 Bloomberg L.P.